Abstract: Using the 2018 China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey (CLASS2018), this study constructs a composite index representing “productive ageing” based on nine activities, including helping children do housework, caring for grandchildren, and working. By employing simultaneous equations model, the health performance of “productive ageing” in China is identified. The results show that participation in “productive ageing” activities significantly improves the physical and mental health of older adults. These impacts differ significantly across gender, age, and education levels. When the participation level of “productive ageing” activities is low to moderate, its improvement effect on the physical health of older adults is better. However, when the frequency of helping children do housework and working is moderate, it negatively affects the mental health of older people. The effect of the number of “productive ageing” activities on older adults' physical and mental health exhibits an inverted Ushaped distribution. Notably, two or three “productive ageing” activities yield the best physical and mental health performance for older people.

Keywords: Productive Ageing, Health Performance, Simultaneous Equations Model

摘要： 利用2018年中国老年社会追踪调查（CLASS2018）数据，选取老年人帮子女做家务、照料孙子女、工作等9项活动构建代表“生产性老龄化”的综合指标，运用联立方程模型，科学识别中国“生产性老龄化”的健康绩效。研究发现，参与“生产性老龄化”活动能够显著提升老年人的身心健康水平，这一效果在性别、年龄和受教育程度上存在显著差异；当“生产性老龄化”活动的参与频率为低程度和中等程度时，对老年人身体健康的提升效果更好，但从心理健康层面来看，当帮子女做家务和工作的频率为中等程度时，会对老年人心理健康产生负面影响；“生产性老龄化”活动参与数量对老年人身心健康的影响呈倒U形分布，同时参与2~3项“生产性老龄化”活动对老年人身心健康的提升效果最好。

关键词: 生产性老龄化, 健康绩效, 联立方程模型