Abstract: This paper uses the short-form, long-form, and long-form 1% sampling data from the seventh national population census to analyze the living style of the elderly aged 65 and above. According to the data in the short form, among households with two elderly people, the percentage of elderly couples living alone is more than 55%, while among households with one elderly person, more than 36% of the elderly live alone. The data in the long form show that the vast majority of the elderly live at home, and less than 1% live in institutions. According to the long-form 1% sampling data, the total proportion of elderly couples living alone and singles living alone exceeds 50%. China's contemporary elderly people has entered an era dominated by couples living alone and single living alone.

Keywords: Elderly, Living Arrangements, Couples Living Alone, Single Living Alone, The 7th Population Census

摘要： 利用2020年第七次全国人口普查数据中的短表汇总数据、长表汇总数据和长表1%抽样数据，从3个视角分析中国65岁及以上老年人的居住方式及其变动。短表汇总数据显示，有 2个老年人的家庭户中，老年夫妇独居比例超过55%，并且城乡有很强的趋同性；有1个老年人的家庭户中，老年单人独居比例超过36%。长表汇总数据显示，绝大多数老年人选择居家养老，入住机构养老的比例不足1%；老年人居住方式有较明显的性别差异，高龄阶段尤其显著，男性多在有配偶的家庭户中生活，女性与子女同住超过半数。长表1%抽样数据显示，老年人中夫妇家庭户和单人户的比例合计超过50%，城乡趋同性突出。就整体而言，中国老年人已进入独居为主导的时代。政府、社会和家庭应努力为居家老年人创造舒适且风险较小的生活和生存环境。

关键词: 老年人, 居住方式, 夫妇独居, 单人独居, 第七次全国人口普查