Based on the three-child family database constructed by the forth “Hubei 100 Counties Fertility Survey(2023)”, this paper describes the characteristics of three-child families, and focuses on analyzing the living conditions of three-child families. The results show that after implementing the Three-child policy, the proportion of third-child fertility is on the rise, the proportion of three-child families with urban hukou and higher education has increased significantly; Boy preference is the main driving force for having a third child; Male breadwinner mode has become a mainstream choice for the three-child families; Parenting, education expenditure pressure and lack of carer are the main difficulties faced by the three-child families. The analysis results of influencing factors on the living conditions of the three-child families show that socioeconomic status is the main factor affecting the survival status of the three-child families. The lower the socioeconomic status, the lower the quality of life and satisfaction of the three-child families. If families or society can provide parenting and education support for parents with three children, their living conditions can be effectively improved.