Abstract: Based on the three-child family database constructed by the forth “Hubei 100 Counties Fertility Survey(2023)”, this paper describes the characteristics of three-child families, and focuses on analyzing the living conditions of three-child families. The results show that after implementing the Three-child policy, the proportion of third-child fertility is on the rise, the proportion of three-child families with urban hukou and higher education has increased significantly; Boy preference is the main driving force for having a third child; Male breadwinner mode has become a mainstream choice for the three-child families; Parenting, education expenditure pressure and lack of carer are the main difficulties faced by the three-child families. The analysis results of influencing factors on the living conditions of the three-child families show that socioeconomic status is the main factor affecting the survival status of the three-child families. The lower the socioeconomic status, the lower the quality of life and satisfaction of the three-child families. If families or society can provide parenting and education support for parents with three children, their living conditions can be effectively improved.

Keywords: The Three-Child Policy, Three-Child Family, Living Quality, Living Condition

摘要： 基于第四期湖北百县生育调查(2023)构建三孩家庭专题数据库，详细刻画三孩家庭的群体特征，重点分析三孩家庭的生存状况及其影响因素。研究发现：三孩政策实施之后，三孩生育比例呈上升趋势，父母为较高学历、城市户口的三孩家庭比例明显提高；男孩偏好是三孩生育的主要驱动力；“男主外、女主内”的分工模式成为三孩家庭的一种主流选择；养育、教育支出压力大和没人照看孩子是三孩家庭面临的最大困难。三孩家庭生存状况的影响因素分析结果显示：社会经济地位是影响三孩家庭生存状况的主要因素，社会经济地位越低，三孩家庭的生活质量和生活满意度越低；来自家庭内部的祖辈支持和来自家庭外部的社会支持均能有效改善三孩家庭的生存状况。

关键词: 三孩政策, 三孩家庭, 生活质量, 生存状况