Using the data from CLDS, this paper analyzes the changing trend of health gap between rural migrants and urban residents as well as the mechanisms causing this trend in the process of rural-urban migration. By applying the Logit model and Fairlie non-linear decomposition method, we find that: (1) There is a health loss mechanism during the rural-urban migration process in according with the “epidemiological paradox”. A transition is observed from health advantage into health disadvantage for rural migrants comparing to urban residents, suggesting that rural-urban migration has a negative impact on the health conditions of rural migrants; (2) The health maintenance factor and the health loss factor are important reasons for the health gap between rural migrants and urban residents, while the health loss factor is more important. Variables such as living environment, individual income deprivation, workload, and living with spouse have great contribution to the health gap; (3) The changing trend of health conditions of male and female rural migrants is consistent with the whole sample. The relationship of the health conditions between male and female rural migrants is in line with the “gender paradox of health”, with differing factors affecting the health conditions of male and female rural migrants.

China's population and economy have simultaneously come to a“new normal”in the 2010s，which would bring about profound and far-reaching impacts on China's development by determining the path，pattern and pace of economic development. Demographic dynamics are not only the major determinant of
consumer market，but also influence，as endogenous factors in economic growth，the demand and supply of production elements market，and finally determine the economic long-term equilibrium of demand and supply.Thus，the demographic new normal is both a major determinant and a basic condition of the economic performance under the new normal. This paper identifies the characteristics of the new normal population and analyzes the paths through which the population new normal influeces the economic new normal，and discusses the potential economic consequences of the new normal population and their policy implications.

Using the  sixth national population census data ，this paper  examines spatial  relationship  and patterns of  China ’s urbanization by  Exploratory? Spatial  Data Analysis． Spatial  autocorrelation  of  urbaniza- tion is a main factor  causing  spatial? differences  of  urbanization  which  also  moderates  the  impacts  of  other factors affecting urbanization． Using  spatial  error  model  which  controls  spatial  autocorrelation  for  regression analysis ，we find that regional differences in land urbanization ，employment and output in the secondary and tertiary  sectors ，and GDP per capita largely determines spatial? differences and patterns of urbanization． An increased level of  employment  of  the tertiary  sector has a larger effect in Central than in East China． Unlike some previous  studies ，when  controlling  for  major  factors ，we  find  regional  financial  expenditure ，export ， development  of  Hong  Kong ，Macao and Taiwan － funded enterprises? and foreign － funded  enterprises have not had  significant  impact  on regional patterns of  urbanization．

As the basic unit of human society，the normal functions of families represent an important prerequisite for the development of society．Development capability of family is the ability to meet the living and development needs of each family member，mainly including six capacities of support，economic ability，learning，social interaction and risk response，which can be achieved through two ways of intra － family construction and external social supports．However，with the process of weakening， transformation，externalization and socialization of family functioning，there are emerging new trends about families that corresponding structural imbalance between the needs and function of families and mechanism failure of self － supply and demand balance，as a result family capacity building depends on more external supports now than past．Therefore，we should focus on changing of the family' s core function and the difficulties faced by families，take family as a basic unit of social policy，actively build a family － friendly social environment and institutional support，thus fully promote the development capacity of family．

1st October 2009 is the 60th anniversary of the People’s Republic of China.Over the last 60 years,particularly since the reform and opening up,China has completed the historical transition of population reproduction,becoming demographically a developed country.In order to celebrate the achievements of China’s population and demography,this issue of Population and Development Forum has invited some distinguished Chinese demographers to summarize and discuss the major changes and progress that have been made in population and demography in China over the 60 years.Professor Wu Cangping examines the irreplaceable position of demography as a discipline in China.Professor Li Jianmin highlights the unique pattern of China’s demographic transition in the context of changing population policy.Professor Wang Guixin looks at changing patterns of migration in China in the context of socio-economic changes in China.Professor Gui Shixun explores China’s old-age security system in the context of rapid aging in China.Finally Professor Yuan Xin calls for both theoretical and empirical researches on the unprecedented demographic challenges in China now and future.

This article firstly brings forward a theoretical model on the dynamic structure of fertility revolution, and then divides the fertility revolution into three phases in accordance with its patterns of dynamic mechanisms: the phase driven by mortality change, the phase driven by fertility preference change and the phase driven by fertility cost control. Social and economic development is the fundamental driving force for China’s fertility revolution since 1970s, even though pushed forward greatly by the government’s family planning policy. Especially since 1992, fertility decline in China has shown up the nature of fertility revolution. Finally, this article concludes that China’s fertility transition has ended and entered a phase of low fertility driven by fertility cost control.