Based on the data from a sampling survey of rural families of aged parents(50+) with one child across 5 counties(or districts),China,we have found that over half of the families have not become "richer with fewer children",one of the most famous propaganda slogans in family planning work.The daily life of aged parents in these families has not been secured.Over half of these families have an income lower than the national poverty line;nearly 80% of the parents over 50 years old are living in some degree of economic shortages.Given their contributions to population control in China,more economic support should be provided to them.