Drawing up a recent survey data，this paper examines impact on fertility intentions and fertility behaviors of the compensation for demolition and bonus of collective economy in Hunan Province The empirical results demonstrate that，when controlling for age，education，wage and operating income，the bonus of collective economy has significant negative influence on fertility level and fertility desire resulting from gender preference; the compensation for demolition has little influence on the second birth but has significant positive influence on the third birth，and has little influence on the first extra birth but significant positive influence on the second extra birth resulting from gender preference When using the regression estimation results of nlogit model to forecast the extra births resulting from gender preference，an intensifying tendency of fewer-children in families in Hunan Province would be presented in the next decade.

This paper analyzed the debt situation,liability sources,liability reasons,and liability structure of 12 township birth control offices in Nan county,Hunan Province. We discussed how debt affects the family planning work,and proposed the strategies to solve this problem. By applying scientific ways such as centralizing budget and verifying liabilities,the debt issue has been largely solved. The experience from these cases might be informative and transferable to other township birth control offices that face similar financial problem.