Newborns are the key of maternal and child health care, national health management, and population statistics. It is of great significance for national population management and comprehensive social governance to promote the construction of basic information database of newborns. It has also been listed as one of the key contents of the National Population Development Plan (2016-2030).With the gradual improvement of management and informatization of birth medical certificates in China, the birth medical certificate system has become an increasingly important source for timely and accurate access to the basic information of newborns. Through comparing the differences of birth population statistics and methods from various departments and reviewing the history and policies of birth registration and birth medical certificates management, this paper analyzes the current situations of birth population statistics and existing problems during the informatization process. We then put forward some suggestions to improve the quality of birth population statistics in China based on the birth medical certificate information system.