人口研究 ›› 2012, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 25-33.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国人口转变道路的探索和选择

杨凡1翟振武2   

  1. 1 中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心,北京 100872;2 中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心,北京 100872
  • 出版日期:2012-01-29 发布日期:2012-11-18
  • 通讯作者: yangfand@163.com
  • 作者简介:1 中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心博士生;2 中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心教授
  • 基金资助:

    “2011年教育部博士研究生学术新人奖”资助

Exploration and Establishment of the Chinese Model of Demographic Transition

Yang Fan1, Zhai Zhenwu2   

  1. 1 Center for Population and Development Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872; 2 Center for Population and Development Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872
  • Online:2012-01-29 Published:2012-11-18
  • About author:1 PhD Student, Center for Population and Deveopment studies, Renmin University of China; 2 Professor, Center for Population and Development Studies, Renmin University of China

摘要: 从1949年到1978年,中国在进行社会主义道路探索的同时也在进行着对中国人口转变道路的探索。建国初期,通过开展群众卫生运动,死亡率迅速下降,开启了中国人口转变的进程。20世纪50年代,初次面对人口快速增长问题,中国提出了"实现有计划的生育"的理论和构想,人口转变的中国道路开始孕育。经历了"大跃进"时期的思想动摇、工作停滞和此后的人口继续快速增长等种种波折之后,人们在人口与社会经济矛盾激增的过程中明确了中国人口转变道路的方向。最后,在"文革"期间,脆弱的国民经济和日益增长的人口压力迫使中国选择了一条主动控制人口过快增长、实行计划生育的人口转变道路。这条道路是由时代发展特征和中国的特殊国情共同决定的。

关键词: 人口转变, 中国道路, 计划生育

Abstract: Exploration of Chinese paths of socialist construction and demographic transition paralleled each other from 1949 to 1978.Mortality rate decreased rapidly during the early 1950s as a result of the public health campaign,which initiated the process of demographic transition in China.Countering the problem of rapid population growth in 1950s,China put forward the theory and the concept of "realizing planned childbearing",and the Chinese model of demographic transition was brewing.Orientation of the Chinese path of demographic transition was reinforced in the 1960s in the context of intensifying contradiction between population and socio-economic development.Finally,China launched the demographic transition by vigorously implementing population control and family planning in the 1970s in the midst of "Cultural Revolution" when the rapidly increasing size of population exerted great pressure on economic development.The Chinese path of demographic transition is determined by the changing characteristics of the times and China’s special national conditions.

Keywords: Demographic Transition, Chinese Model, Family Planning Policy