社会排斥与青年乡-城流动人口经济融入的三重弱势

人口研究 ›› 2012, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 69-83.

社会排斥与青年乡-城流动人口经济融入的三重弱势

杨菊华

中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心，北京 100872

出版日期:2012-09-29 发布日期:2013-02-01
通讯作者: juhua_yang@ ruc．edu．cn
基金资助:
北京市社科基金重点项目“近30年北京市青年流动人口社会融入变动趋势研究”(项目批准号:11SHA004)；国家社科基金“农民工家庭的城市融入问题研究”(项目批准号:10BRK013)

Triple Disadvantages: Social Exclusion and Economic Integration of Young Rural-to-Urban Migrants to the Host Society in China

Yang Juhua

Center for Population and Development Studies,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872.

Online:2012-09-29 Published:2013-02-01
Contact: juhua_yang@ ruc．edu．cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在近二、三十年大规模的人口流动、快速的城镇化进程中,青年乡-城流动人口可能因户籍性质、户籍地点、年轻(故而缺乏工作经历和经验)而成为中国目前最脆弱的群体之一。文章以社会排斥理论为分析框架,使用2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据,探讨青年乡-城流动人口经济融入的模式、特点和影响因素。结果显示,与其他相关人群相比,该群体的绝对经济社会地位和相对融入水平都是最低的,处于三重弱势地位。该现象说明,社会发展带来的潜在的积极后果可能被制度及结构性因素所抵消;同时,文章的发现也挑战了"市场经济在纵向上,一定会促进权利和法律平等"的观点,暗示社会融入的进程滞后于经济社会发展水平,并呼唤打造一个更为包容、不同人群平等相处的和谐社会。

关键词: 社会排斥, 青年乡-城流动人口, 经济融入

Abstract: In the process of large － scale internal migration and rapid pace of urbanization in the past two decades，rural － to － urban young migrants，defined as those born after 1980 to parents with a rural hukou registration，have become one of the most vulnerable segments of the population who might be triply disadvantaged．Drawing on the 2005 National 1% Population Survey data，this paper explores the patterns，status，and associates of economic integration of young migrants with a rural hukou registration ( i．e．，rural － to － urban migrants) to the host society．Preliminary findings suggest that the level of economic integration of young migrants is rather low，particularly for those with a rural registration．Such phenomena challenge the notion that marketization necessarily promotes rights and legal equality in a linear fashion，and the potentially positive impact of migration on development might be compromised by institutional constraints ( e．g．，hukou) and local residents' discrimination towards outsiders，particularly the youths．It also suggests that the pace of socioeconomic integration is lagged behind socioeconomic development．

Keywords: Social Exclusion, Young Rural － Urban Migrants, Socioeconomic Integration

杨菊华. 社会排斥与青年乡-城流动人口经济融入的三重弱势[J]. 人口研究, 2012, 36(5): 69-83.

Yang Juhua. Triple Disadvantages: Social Exclusion and Economic Integration of Young Rural-to-Urban Migrants to the Host Society in China[J]. Population Research, 2012, 36(5): 69-83.