关键词: 第六次人口普查, 婴儿死亡率, 5岁以下儿童死亡概率, 数据质量评估

Abstract: Abstract: China s 2010 census reported extremely low infant mortality and under － five mortality rates． This paper examines quality of data of the infant mortality and under － five mortality rates obtained from the 2010 census by comparing between various data sources． The paper reviews international experiences in changing infant mortality and under － five mortality rates and their relations with social and economic development，demonstrating that the infant mortality and under － five mortality rates obtained from Chinas 2010 census are well beyond the general patterns obsevred in other countries． Applying Coale － Demeny model life tables and Brass logit models，this paper provides an estimate of China s 2010 infant mortality and under － five mortality rates，with the infant mortality rate being 18 － 19 per 1000 and under － five mortality rate 22 － 23 per 1000，contrasting to 3. 8 per 1000 and 6 per 1000 directly derived from the 2010 census．

Keywords: The Sixth Census, Infant Mortality Rate, Under － five Mortality Rate, Assessment