关键词: 居住状况, 住房条件, 流动人口, 户籍类型, 户籍地点

Abstract: Drawing on data from the 2005 National One Percent Population Survey and utilizing multilevel modeling technique，this paper examines the living conditions among internal migrants in China. By highlighting the types and the locations of hukou，its primary goal is to disentangle institutional and structural barriers from individual demographic and socioeconomic effects. Analytical results indicate that controlling other factors does not overshadow the effect of migration status on the living conditions of migrants，and a significant disadvantage of rural- urban migrants is detected. It is clear that national policies that urge local governments to embrace rural- urban migrants in the agenda of housing welfare have not achieved desired outcomes and perhaps even exacerbated their poor living conditions by posing various restrictions to the housing market. Migration as an individual and /or household strategy，while enhancing employment opportunities and income，does not necessarily bring about a better living condition for rural- urban migrants. However，results do support the link between social mobility and spatial mobility in that urban- urban migrants are able to translate their socioeconomic achievements into a better living condition. Also，consistent with the interpretation of standard assimilation models，duration of residence at destination has a strong influence on the response variable，pointing to the diversity of experiences and contexts of arrival for different types of population.

Keywords: Living Conditions, Housing of Migrants, Hukou System