关键词: 全面两孩政策, 人口和计划生育, 基本国策, 计划生育管理

Abstract:  At the start of 2016，CPC Central Committee and State Council issued a decision on imple- menting a comprehensive two-child policy，reforming and improving the management of family plan-
ning services．This paper reviews theoretical and practical perspectives of the decision and discusses the what and the why of the two-child policy．In carrying out and implementing the decision，the major tasks involve organizing and implementing the two-child policy in accordance with the law，reforming maternity services management system，strengthening maternal and child health and family planning services，improving family planning rewards support system，strengthening organizational leadership， strengthening grass-roots work，and improving childbearing security．Family planning policy is a long- term basic national policy in China; however，China’ s future family planning work needs to be reorient- ed to achieving demographically an appropriate scale，high-quality，structure optimization，and rational distribution，and to forming a multi-governing structure of the government，society and the citizens．

Keywords: Comprehensive Two-Child Policy, Population and Family Planning, Basic National Policy, Family Planning Management