退休对中国老年人口身体健康和心理健康的影响

人口研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 74-88.

退休对中国老年人口身体健康和心理健康的影响

刘生龙¹，郎晓娟²

¹清华大学国情研究院； ² 中南财经政法大学工商管理学院

出版日期:2017-09-29 发布日期:2018-01-04
作者简介:刘生龙，清华大学国情研究院副研究员，中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所兼职研究员；郎晓娟，中南财经政法大学工商管理学院讲师。
基金资助:
本文受中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所创新工程项目“人口老龄化经济增长效应理论与实证研究” 资助。本论文所用数据来自北京大学“985” 项目和北京大学中国社会科学调查中心执行的中国家庭追踪调查，在此表示感谢。

The Impact of Retirement on Physical and Mental Health among Chinese Elderly

Liu Shenglong¹， Lang Xiaojuan²

1Institute for Contemporary China Studies，Tsinghua University and Institute of Quantitative ＆Technical Economics，Chinese Academy of Social Sciences．² School of Business Administration， Zhongnan University of Economics and Law．

Online:2017-09-29 Published:2018-01-04
About author:Liu Shenglong is Associate Research Fellow，Institute for Contemporary China Studies，Tsinghua University and Institute of Quantitative ＆Technical Economics，Chinese Academy of Social Sciences． Lang Xiaojuan is Lecturer， School of Business Administration， Zhongnan University of Economics and Law．

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文章基于 2010、 2012 和 2014 年中国家庭动态跟踪调查( CFPS) 数据，利用中国退休政策在男女退休年龄上的规定，使用断点回归设计，探讨退休对身体健康和心理健康的影响，并检验退休影响健康的机制。研究发现，退休对男性的健康影响不显著，而对女性的自评健康和心理健康产生显著正向的影响，主要原因是退休后女性增加了锻炼的频率; 虽然男性的锻炼频率在退休后也有所增加，但退休后男性超重的概率也随之增加，这很可能在一定程度上抵消了锻炼的健康效应。文章具有明显的政策含义，当前中国政府正在考虑实施渐进式延迟退休政策以应对人口老龄化背景下劳动力不足的问题，研究表明延迟退休不能够以牺牲老年人口的健康为代价，中国需要切实推进“健康老龄化” 的战略。

关键词: 退休 , 身体健康 , 心理健康 , 断点回归设计

Abstract: Using China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) of 2010，2012 and 2014，this paper explores the impact of retirement on Chinese elderly＇s physical and mental health based on the mandated retirement age policy within a framework of regression discontinuity (R D)． The mechanism of the impact of retirement on health is further tested． The results show that the impact of retirement on the health of males is not significant，while retirement has a significant positive influence on females ＇ self － rated health and mental health，the mechanism of which is that retirement significantly increases female physical exercise per week． Although retirement increases male physical exercise per week in a similar manner，it also raises the probability of overweight for males，which is likely to offset the effect of exercise to a certain extent．Chinese government is considering implementing policies for gradually postponing the retirement age of employees． The results of this paper indicate that postponing retirement should not be made at the expense of elderly＇s health，and China needs to push forward the“healthy aging”strategy．

Keywords: Retirement , Physical Health , Mental Health , Regression Discontinuity Design

刘生龙，郎晓娟. 退休对中国老年人口身体健康和心理健康的影响[J]. 人口研究, 2017, 41(5): 74-88.

Liu Shenglong， Lang Xiaojuan. The Impact of Retirement on Physical and Mental Health among Chinese Elderly[J]. Population Research, 2017, 41(5): 74-88.