人口研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 65-78.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

新世纪以来我国儿童人口变动基本事实和发展挑战

吕利丹1,阎 芳2,段成荣3,程梦瑶4   

  1. 吕利丹,中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心讲师;阎芳,联合国儿童基金会驻华办事处监测评估专家;段成荣,中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心教授;程梦瑶,中国人民大学人口学专业博士研究生。
  • 出版日期:2018-05-29 发布日期:2018-06-11
  • 作者简介:吕利丹,中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心讲师;阎芳,联合国儿童基金会驻华办事处监测评估专家;段成荣,中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心教授;程梦瑶,中国人民大学人口学专业博士研究生。
  • 基金资助:
    本文为国家统计局2015 年全国 1%人口抽样调查委托课题成果,课题得到国家统计局联合国儿童基金会和联合国人口基金三方联合数据项目的技术和资金支持

Changing Patterns and Development Challenges of Child Population in China

 Lv Lidan1,Yan Fang2,Duan Chengrong3 and Cheng Mengyao4#br# #br#   

  1. Lv Lidan is Lecturer,Center for Population and Development Studies,Renmin University of China. Email:lvld@ ruc. edu. cn; Yan Fang is Evaluation Specialist,United Nations Children's Fund office in China. Duan Chengrong is Professor,Center for Population and Development Studies,Renmin University of China. Cheng Mengyao is PhD Student,School of Sociology and Population Studies,Renmin University of China.
  • Online:2018-05-29 Published:2018-06-11
  • About author:Lv Lidan is Lecturer,Center for Population and Development Studies,Renmin University of China. Email:lvld@ ruc. edu. cn; Yan Fang is Evaluation Specialist,United Nations Children's Fund office in China. Duan Chengrong is Professor,Center for Population and Development Studies,Renmin University of China. Cheng Mengyao is PhD Student,School of Sociology and Population Studies,Renmin University of China.

摘要: 文章以 20002010 年人口普查和 2015 年全国 1%人口抽样调查数据为基础,描述我国儿童人口基本特征及其较长时期内的变动趋势,分析我国儿童发展面临的重大挑战新世纪以来,我国儿童人口发展呈现出明显的特征,包括儿童规模止降趋稳城镇儿童规模稳步增长农村儿童规模持续下降少数民族儿童占比增加无子女家庭比例增加多子女家庭比例持续降低等当前儿童生存发展面临诸多挑战,包括流动和留守儿童规模仍然巨大且城镇留守儿童规模日趋壮大儿童人口性别结构失衡凸显父母照料缺失日益严重义务教育仍面临挑战等文章最后从提升贫困地区儿童福利促进儿童照料市场化改善教育等角度提出相应的政策建议

关键词: 家庭照料, 义务教育, 性别结构, 留守儿童, 少数民族儿童

Abstract: Using data from China??s population census and one-percent national population sample survey since 2000,this paper analyses the changing patterns and challenges of child population in China. Results indicate that the child population has stopped decreasing and shows a sign of stabilization.Meanwhile,the number of children who grow up in urban areas is increasing while the rural number continues dropping. The proportion of ethnic minority children maintains a continuous growth. The proportion of families that have no children is also increasing. In contrast,the proportion of multi-child families keeps reducing. The living conditions and development chances of children are facing several challenges,including a large number of floating and left-behind children,especially the urban left-behind children,which have been gradually expanding. The imbalance of children??s sexual structure is also striking. Family care becomes an emerging problem and the compulsory education of children still faces severe challenges. Finally this paper discusses policy implications regarding poverty relief,market-driven family care system,and the educational problem of children.

Keywords: Family Care, Compulsory Education, Sex Structure, Left-behind Children, Ethnic Minority Children