中国农村留守儿童的最新状况和变动趋势：2010~2020

人口研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 103-117.

中国农村留守儿童的最新状况和变动趋势：2010~2020

吕利丹, 梅自颖, 李睿, 李姝, 阎芳, 王旭, 段成荣

出版日期:2024-01-29 发布日期:2024-01-29
作者简介:吕利丹,中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心副教授；梅自颖,中国人民大学社会与人口学院博士研究生；李睿,国家统计局人口和就业统计司副司长；李姝,国家统计局人口和就业统计司三级主任科员；阎芳、王旭,联合国儿童基金会驻华办事处项目官员；段成荣,中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心教授。电子邮箱:Lvld@ruc.edu.cn
基金资助:
本文是第七次全国人口普查项目合作课题“中国儿童和青少年发展状况”的衍生产品之一,得到国家统计局、联合国儿童基金会和联合国人口基金三方联合数据项目的技术和资金支持。文中内容不代表相关机构官方观点,文责自负。

Status and Changes of the Rural Children Left Behind in China: 2010-2020

Lyu Lidan, Mei Ziying, Li Rui, Li Shu, Yan Fang, Wang Xu, Duan Chengrong

Published:2024-01-29 Online:2024-01-29
About Author:Lyu Lidan is Associate Professor, Center for Population and Development Studies, Renmin University of China; Mei Ziying is PhD Candidate, School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China; Li Rui is Deputy Director General, and Li Shu is Senior Program Officer, Department of Population and Employment Statistics, National Bureau of Statistics; Yan Fang and Wang Xu are Program Officers, UNICEF China; Duan Chengrong is Professor, Center for Population and Development Studies, Renmin University of China. Email: Lvld@ruc.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：农村留守儿童现象和问题是影响中国城镇化进程中城乡要素畅通流动的关键。在厘清农村留守儿童基本概念和估计口径的基础上,以2010年和2020年两次全国人口普查微观数据为基础,重点分析2010年以来中国农村留守儿童的规模、年龄和性别结构、地区分布、居住安排等重要人口学特征及其变动趋势,并考察中国农村留守儿童的入学(入园)机会、在校情况和超龄就学等最新教育状况及其发展态势。研究表明,当前中国农村留守儿童规模依然庞大,留守可能性与年龄和性别存在密切关联;随着母亲外出趋势增强,农村留守儿童面临更普遍的隔代照料;农村留守儿童的受教育机会与农村儿童整体相比不再有明显优势,且面临更严重的超龄就学问题。应继续关注农村留守儿童问题,从源头上减少留守儿童现象。

关键词: 农村留守儿童, 第七次全国人口普查, 农村留守儿童界定, 居住安排, 教育变动

Abstract: The phenomenon and issues of rural children left behind (RCLB) in China are affecting the flow of human capital between urban and rural areas. This paper clarifies the definition and steps for identifying RCLB, and uses the micro-data of the 2010 and 2020 Population Censuses to analyze relevant characteristics and changing trends over the past ten years. The analysis includes the following aspects: population size of RCLB, their age and sex structure, regional distribution, living arrangements, and educational development. The findings show that the population size of RCLB remained large, and the likelihood of being left-behind was closely related to age and sex. An increasing proportion of RCLB were cared for by grandparents as more mothers migrated between 2010 and 2020. RCLB no longer had any advantage in education opportunity compared with the average level of rural children. Over-age attendance was more noticeable among RCLB than the average level of rural children. We should continue to pay attention to the issue of RCLB and address its root causes.

Keywords: Rural Children Left Behind, The 7th Population Census, Definition of Rural Children Left Behind, Living Arrangements, Education Changes

吕利丹, 梅自颖, 李睿, 李姝, 阎芳, 王旭, 段成荣. 中国农村留守儿童的最新状况和变动趋势：2010~2020[J]. 人口研究, 2024, 48(1): 103-117.

Lyu Lidan, Mei Ziying, Li Rui, Li Shu, Yan Fang, Wang Xu, Duan Chengrong. Status and Changes of the Rural Children Left Behind in China: 2010-2020[J]. Population Research, 2024, 48(1): 103-117.

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