关键词: 城镇化, 农村劳动力供给, 老龄化, 人口结构

Abstract: In recent years the growth rate of the Gross Domestic Product and the urbanization rate have been slowing down,and there is a growing trend of replacing human labor by machines and technology in China.However,the agriculture scale management in rural areas has not yet realized.Besides,the policies related to the reform of rural land use and Hukou system have not yet been fully implemented.Meanwhile,migrant workers tend to withdraw from the urban labor market earlier than before.The traditional real estate-oriented urban development pattern not only reduces the level of inclusiveness but also decreases employment opportunities in the tertiary industry of urban areas.Therefore,the surplus of the rural labor force could be a long-term
phenomenon.Currently,the issues of low birth rate and rapid population aging have not yet reached the‘tipping point’.However,China’ s large population size and the rapid growth of its socio-economically deprived population may impose pressure upon the country and the world at large.Thus,greater emphasis of population policies should be placed on changing the demographic structure.That is to reduce the proportion of socio-economically deprived population rather than merely increase the population size.Meanwhile,the reform related to urbanization should be accelerated to promote the transformation of the urban development pattern,and the system of population data collection and release should be improved in the country as well．

Keywords: Urbanization, Rural Labor Supply, Population Aging, Population Structure