关键词: 云南特有少数民族, 跨省流动, 聚居, 散居, 人口普查数据

Abstract: The unique ethnic minorities in Yunnan refer to the “indigenous peoples” who have lived in Yunnan for generations. Before the 1980s, almost all of these ethnic groups resided in Yunnan Province. With the reform and opening up and increased population mobility throughout the country, these minority populations began to migrate outside of Yunnan province, ushering in an era of integration into the broader Chinese nation. Census data show that by 2020, the proportion of the population living in Yunnan among the 15 unique ethnic minorities nationwide has dropped to 88.93%, which is 10.09 percentage points lower than that in 1982. It was found that the inter-provincial migration of these minorities preferred Guizhou and Sichuan province, followed by Guangdong, Zhejiang, and other eastern developed provinces. According to the study, the leading factors contributing to the continuous increase in inter-provincial migration among Yunnan's ethnic minorities are not only the rise in population migration, but also the natural growth of these ethnic groups outside the province, as well as shifts in population distribution between provinces and among ethnic groups due to changes in administrative divisions and ethnic composition.

Keywords: The Unique Ethnic Minorities of Yunnan, Inter-provincial Mobility, Concentrated Settlement, Scattered Settlement, Population Census Data