Abstract: The idea of population balanced development is not new,however,there is a need to reach consensus by incorporating different arguments and theoretical discussion.The paper starts with the relationship between Chinese population flowing and building a population balanced society,and discuss two uestions: how to realize deep urbanization with the citizenization of the several hundred million peasant-workers;and how to achieve sustainable development of urban population,economy,society and resources when the several hundred million rural population rapidly entering into cities,finding jobs,and making livelihoods.The paper argues that the government will need to change development goals from passively controlling population size to actively building a population balanced society,from simply restricting the size of population to actively innovating social institution,and break through the stereotype of local population centered urban management and planning,and finally realize coordinated and balanced development between the size of urban population and its economy,society,resources,and environment.

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摘要： 人口均衡发展并不是一个新概念,但确是需要进行理论讨论、百家争鸣,形成社会共识的一个新理念。文章从中国人口大流动与构建人口均衡型社会关系切入,提出如何实现几亿农民工以市民化为内涵的深度城市化;如何迎接未来几亿农村人口快速进入城镇就业、生活,并保持人口与城市经济、社会、资源、环境的可持续发展,是城市政府面临的艰巨考验。文章分析北京市控制外来人口规模屡屡受挫的困惑,论述了转变城市人口发展理念的意义。主张城市政府应从被动的人口规模控制转向主动构建人口均衡型社会发展目标,转向积极的社会制度创新,正视"新移民"存在的客观事实,突破城市建设、管理以本地户籍人口为规划依据的思维定式,实施一元化人口管理,进而从客观上实现城市人口规模调控的可操作性、实效性,实现城市人口规模与经济社会资源环境的协调、均衡发展。

关键词: 人口均衡发展, 人口流动, 城市化