Table of Content

29 November 2010, Volume 34 Issue 6

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Urbanization and Building A Population Balanced Society

Hou Yafei

2010, 34(6):  3-9. 

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The idea of population balanced development is not new,however,there is a need to reach consensus by incorporating different arguments and theoretical discussion.The paper starts with the relationship between Chinese population flowing and building a population balanced society,and discuss two uestions: how to realize deep urbanization with the citizenization of the several hundred million peasant-workers;and how to achieve sustainable development of urban population,economy,society and resources when the several hundred million rural population rapidly entering into cities,finding jobs,and making livelihoods.The paper argues that the government will need to change development goals from passively controlling population size to actively building a population balanced society,from simply restricting the size of population to actively innovating social institution,and break through the stereotype of local population centered urban management and planning,and finally realize coordinated and balanced development between the size of urban population and its economy,society,resources,and environment.

Gender Difference in Migrants’ Social Integration:A Duration Model of Job Search

Song Yueping

2010, 34(6):  10-18. 

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With a dynamic perspective,this paper studies the gender difference in labor market assmiliation process of rural migrants using a data set of National Floating Population Supervision Survey in Major Cities conducted in 2010 by National Population and Family Planning Commission of China.We estimate a duration model of job search to compare the time spent by male and female migrants in job search.And we find that although women spend less time in job search,but their possibility to find high income job is lower than that of men,and they are more willing to accept low income job.What’s more,the gender difference in job search behavior will eventually lead to gender differentiated pattern of social integration into the urban society.

Experiences from China’s Sixth National Population Census

Wang Qian, Cui Hongyan, Li Rui, Pang Jiangqing, Chen Wei, Yang Shenghui

2010, 34(6):  19-31. 

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China has just conducted the 6th national population census,with the enumeration taking place during 1-10 November 2010.Over the last few years,there have been many studies and conferences devoted to the 6th census,the central theme being challenges and suggestions as what the Population and Development Forum discussed a year ago organized by this journal.Today the journal has the forum again on the 6th census,discussing experiences from the conduct of the census.Three papers on different aspects of the census have contributed to the forum.The first paper by Cui Hongyan and Li Rui from National Bureau of Statistics of China examines developments in China’s population censuses over the last six decades,involving improvement in organization and implementation,expansion in census contents and items,upgrade in census techniques,improvement in means of data processing,and implementation of census law according to which the census is conducted.The second paper by Pang Jiangqian from Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics analyzes difficulties in conducting the 6th census in locating census objects as a result of increasing mobility,getting cooperation from residents,and recruiting competent census enumerators.Improved census approaches are discussed in the paper.The third paper by Chen Wei and Yang Shenghui from People’s University of China provides experiences and lessons learned from the 6th census based on their participation in the pilot survey and census preparation and enumeration work.Wang Qian,from National Population and Family Planning Commission of China,is invited to preside the forum,and offers critical comments to the three papers.

Migrant Employment in Urban China: Characteristics and Determinants——A Comparative Study with Rural Left-behind People

Song Jian

2010, 34(6):  32-42. 

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Using the migrant survey data in May 2009,we examine the characteristics and determinants of migrant employment in urban China,compared with the situation of their rural "left-behind" counterparts.Results show that migrants are mainly engaged in non-agricultural occupations with marked geo-characteristics;and their employment pattern has changed from "individual operation without employees" to "permanent/ contract/ temporary workers" with more dependence on enterprises and institutions.In addition to regional and individual characteristics,working time and employment channel affect their occupation choices.Despite the fact that more than half of the rural "left-behind" people have had the experience of being migrant workers,the experience has no significant effect on their occupation after controlling other variables.Implications are discussed in the paper.

Institutional Consequences and Incentive Effects of Residence Registration on Migrant Population: Institutions Import and Re-stratification of Stratums

Zhao Deyu, Peng Xizhe

2010, 34(6):  43-54. 

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A major function of institutions import has been to formalize and immobilize the formerly spontaneous social stratification,and to label different classes with clear identifiable character,resulting in an obvious class gradient.This research identifies another social stratification mechanism by looking at differentiation of the migrant population resulting from the residence registration system in the big cities.As far as floating population is concerned,the income gap among different stratum is not very large;however social security,employment,education opportunity and upward mobility vary considerably across different sub-stratums.Re-stratification of stratums arises from interactive effects among institutional factors,human capital,unit and social relations.Public policies are not neutral,and are of inequality nature with selection or discrimination.

Transformation of  "Urban Village" and Cooperative Governance of the Floating Population Concentrated Communities in Beijing

Feng Xiaoying

2010, 34(6):  55-66. 

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Since 2009 Beijing started carrying out the large scale transformation of "urban villages".This change in the rural society led by the government exerted an important influence over the floating population concentrated communities in rural areas bordering the city.This article examines the Beijing "urban village" transformation pattern,assessing the consequences of "urban village" transformation and developmental difficulties the surrounding areas of "urban village" may encounter,and arguing that cooperative governance need to be sought to deal with the social issues of the floating population concentrated communities in rural areas bordering the cities.Beijing has the fundamental conditions to achieve the cooperative governance of the floating population concentrated communities,with the framework of cooperative govenance being the urban government as the dominant,rural organizations as the hinge,community members as the core,social groups and the social units(enterprises) as the support,and professional NGOs as the booster.Under this framework,Beijing can make overall planning for coordinated development of unurbanized areas by transforming living facilities and innovating social management system.

A Study of Double-peak Fertility Preference

Li Zheng

2010, 34(6):  67-77. 

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Traditionally studies on fertility desire have a hypothesis that people have only one optimal fertility preference,ignoring the existence of double-peak fertility preference that could lead to bias on estimation and projection of fertility preference.This paper theoretically demonstrates the occurrence of double-peak preference and the reasons for bias in fertility prefernece survey under the assumption of a single peak preference.A Probit model is uesed to analyze a survey results,testing the existence of double-peak fertility preference.Combining theory and statistical results,this paper gives a new analysis of the issues,such as "DINK" family,gender differences in fertility preference,and differences of fertility preference between only and non-only children.Finally this paper proposes a new explanation of the process of fertility decline in the double-peak preference perspective.

On the New Control-Led-Reduction Population Policy: Response to Six Different Views

Cheng Enfu, Wang Xinjian

2010, 34(6):  78-91. 

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This paper utilizes Marxist population theory to examine the issue of China’s population at present and its tendency in the next few decades,putting forward a "new proposal" of "control-led-reduction" and explicates the strategy of scientific development based on the one-child oriented population policy which better coordinates between population,natural resources and ecological environment.This paper argues against various popular opinions in such issues as fertility human right,population density,aging,gender imbalance,second child of high-quality,and single-child personality.

Integrating the Population and Family Planning Cause into the Overall Social Development

Zhou Gongwei

2010, 34(6):  92-97. 

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This paper reviews the difficulties and problems in the population and family planning enterprise,examines population problems associated with the development of urbanization,shift of the mode of economic growth,optimization of industrial structure and construction of main-functional zones,and offers some strategic thinking on how the population and family planning cause adapts to the changes and development of social environment,such as rooting the concept of Great Population while keeping in mind overall interest of the sustainable development of economy and society,constructing the information platform of population development planning,pupulation policy coordination and comprehensive population management,and strengthening the evaluation of population management or the mechanism of performance evaluation and supervision.

Reflections on Tackling the Unbalanced Sex Ratios at Birth in A Comprehensive Way in Rural China

Chen Liyong, Liu Xudong, Pei Xia

2010, 34(6):  98-103. 

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Rural areas are at the grass-roots level to be given work priorities in comprehensive treatment on unbalanced sex ratio at birth.The situation of sex ratio at birth in rural areas directly determines the effectiveness of this work.This paper,with rural Shaanxi as research object,explores problems and challenges in this work,including understanding from the subject(family planning cadres) being not in place,behavior of the object(villagers) being passive,and work process being lack of standardization.The paper proposes policy suggestions on strengthening the training work,creating the environment of birth civilization,establishing the effective mechanisms and standardizing work procedures.

Impact of the "Fewer Children Equals Faster Prosperity" Project on Coordination of Population, Resources, Environment and Development in China’s Ethnic Minority Regions

Guo Zhiyi, Jin Wenjun

2010, 34(6):  104-109. 

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This article examines the achievements of the "Fewer Children Equals Faster Prosperity" Project in China’s ethnic minority regions.Meeting the needs of social coordination and sustainable development of population,economy,resources and environment in the ethnic minority regions,the project has had multiple positive effects such as bringing down fertility level of the ethnic minority women and reducing the poverty-stricken population.On discussing the challenges the project is being confronted,the paper argues that the prospect development of the project should be directed at establishing the rural social security system in which family planning households must be given the priority in the ethnic minority regions.