Abstract: Abstract: Population spatial distribution is an essential factor of the urban spatial structure and whether the distribution is optimal is one important feature of the healthy development of urbanization.For many years，Beijing has not only focused on controlling population size，but also paid attention to
optimizing the population spatial distribution. Based on the ArcGIS spatial analysis tools and the 3d，4th，5th and 6th census data，simulation results showed that from 1982 to 2010，the population in Bei jing central area tended to be dispersed and reasonably distributed，while the urban function develop-
ment zone tended to be more concentrated and unbalancedly placed. The later tendency will result in serious traffic congestion，strain the education and health care resources and decrease the environment quality. If efficient measures were not taken，the harmonious development and world city building
process of Beijing would be hampered. Optimizing the population spatial distribution of Beijing requires comprehensive measures.

Keywords: Population, Spatial Distribution, ArcGIS

摘要： 文章利用2012年对北京市城乡家庭孩子养育成本的抽样调查数据,分别从家庭的消费行为、教育投入、养育孩子的机会成本、养育观念与家庭关系特点以及可能的影响因素等方面,对特大城市家庭的孩子养育模式及特点进行了较系统、细致的分析。指出:子女养育对家庭的消费结构与选择具有显著影响;父母为孩子付出心血并承受着生活品质的"损失";孩子养育成为家庭代际和亲子关系更加紧密的重要纽带,是父母社会责任的体现;择园、择校、择居成为孩子养育中的标志性行为;父母养育行为表现和观念的某种"趋同"潜在弱化了父母一代既存经济状况和社会地位差异在子代身上的体现,有利于下一代更公平地参与社会,也对社会如何引导家庭理性地抚养、教育孩子提出了更高要求。

关键词: 孩子养育模式, 消费选择, 机会成本, 养育行为与观念