Abstract: Based on choice experiment data of 464 parents in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, this research analyzes parental preferences and willingness to pay for childcare services for children under age 3. The results show that, with assistance from grandparents, young couples are the main childcare providers in most urban families. Families have to take the heavy burden of raising very young children due to the lack of public childcare services. In the choice experiment, parents prefer to purchase childcare services and tend to choose those providing early education, offering flexible service hours, supported by the government, equipped with video monitoring, but also charging low prices and locating in short distances. The willingness to pay for video monitoring is the highest, followed by service contents, type of childcare centers, service hours and distance from home. According to these demands, we suggest that childcare services should focus on improving quality, integrating childcare and education, providing general welfare and community services.

Keywords: Childcare Services, Preferences, Supply-side Reform, Choice Experiment

摘要： 利用陕西省西安市的调研数据，在分析当前0~3岁婴幼儿养育现状的基础上，运用选择实验法分析了城市父母对婴幼儿托育服务的需求偏好。研究发现：“父母为主，祖辈辅助”是当前家庭普遍采用的婴幼儿养育模式，家庭正承担着较重的养育负担，婴幼儿照料的社会化程度低；在选择实验中，城市父母倾向于选择购买托育服务，其托育服务需求呈现出“安全为重，保教融合，普惠可及”的偏好特征；城市父母最愿意为安防监控这一属性付费，对于托育服务项目、机构性质、服务时间及送托距离等属性的边际支付意愿依次降低。因此，应逐步推动托育服务供给侧改革朝着高质量、保教一体化、普惠化及社区化的方向发展。

关键词: 托育服务, 需求偏好, 供给侧改革, 选择实验