Abstract: Public data, as an essential resource for government services, significantly contributes to promoting high-quality and full employment. This study uses panel data from cities at prefecture level and above to explore the impact of public data openness on urban employment. Based on the characteristics of public data, this paper explains the impact mechanism of public data openness on urban employment scale and structure from three aspects: information flow integration, technological progress promotion, and business environment optimization. The study reveals that public data openness increases employment. The impact is heterogeneous, being more pronounced in cities with a Chief Data Officer and more advanced digital infrastructure. Men, highly skilled workers, and those in secondary and tertiary sectors benefit more from this openness. Due to the coexistence of the “Technology Diffusion Effect” and the “Siphon Effect,” the impact of neighboring provinces is not statistically significant. The findings suggest that we should further strengthen the opening and development of public data, empower the construction of public employment service system with data, create new scenarios of diversified employment services, and promote high-quality and adequate employment.

Keywords: Public Data Openness, Urban Employment, Spatial Effects

摘要： 公共数据作为政府公共服务的重要基础资源，在促进高质量充分就业中发挥着重要作用。利用2003~2022年度地级及以上城市面板数据，使用双重差分模型，考察公共数据开放对城市就业的影响，并从赋能政府就业服务、推动技术进步和优化营商环境3个方面阐释公共数据开放影响城市就业规模和结构的内在机制。研究发现，公共数据开放能显著扩大城市就业规模，且该影响具有异质性：在设置政府首席数据官、数字基础设施更完善的城市中，公共数据开放的就业效应更明显；男性、高技能劳动力和第二、三产业从业者更能受益于公共数据开放；由于“技术扩散效应”和“虹吸效应”同时存在，邻近省份公共数据开放对本市就业的影响在统计上并不显著。鉴于此，应进一步加大公共数据开放和开发力度，以数据赋能就业公共服务体系建设，打造多元化就业服务新场景，促进高质量充分就业。

关键词: 公共数据开放, 城市就业, 空间效应