Abstract: This study uses data from the 2018 China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey to explore patterns of older adults' social engagement by latent class analysis. Based on their participation in personal life domain (i.e. learning and communication, personal recreation, working, and volunteering) and family life domain (i.e. caring for parents, caring for grandchildren, and caring for children), four patterns are discovered, including Personal-Family Balanced Activity (P-F), PersonalCentered Activity (P-C), Family-Centered Activity (F-C), and Low Activity. Linear regression analysis reveals that Low Activity are associated with the lowest social adaptation, followed by F-C Activity, while P-C and P-F Activity achieved the best scores and showed no statistical difference. Moreover, urban-rural differences are found in the relationships between social participation patterns and social adaptation. The results suggest that we should protect the social participation rights of older adults, enrich the ways and contents of social participation, and balance their personal life with family life to enhance their abilities to adapt to the social development and changes.

Keywords: Work-Family Balance, PersonalFamily Balance, Older Adults, Social Participation, Social Adaptation

摘要： 使用2018年中国老年社会追踪调查数据，在个人—家庭平衡视角下，根据老年人在个人生活领域（学习社交、个人娱乐、经济活动和志愿活动）和家庭生活领域（照顾父母、照顾孙子女和照顾子女）的参与情况，利用潜在类别模型探索中国老年人的社会参与模式。研究发现，中国老年人的社会参与模式可划分为平衡型、个人中心型、家庭中心型和低参与型。线性回归分析发现，低参与型老年人的社会适应状况最差，其次是家庭中心型老年人，个人中心型和平衡型老年人的社会适应状况最好且没有显著差异。社会参与模式与社会适应的关系存在显著城乡差异。研究结果表明，应保障老年人社会参与的权利，丰富社会参与的途径和内容，促进老年人在个人生活和家庭生活中参与的平衡，以增强其适应社会发展变化的能力。

关键词: 工作—家庭平衡, 个人—家庭平衡, 老年人, 社会参与, 社会适应