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The Influence of Adverse Experiences on the Health of Chinese Older Adults: Mechanism Analysis of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Moderating Analysis of Current Experiences
Zhao Menghan, Huang Yuanfeng
Population Research 2024, 48 (
3
): 114-128.
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200
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China has recently implemented strategies to actively address population ageing and healthy China. Understanding the influence of adverse experiences on older adults health helps improve the lifelong health service policy. Using data from the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey (CLASS) conducted in 2018 and 2020, this study analyzes the impact of adverse childhood experiences on older adults health and the mediating effect of individuals years of education, health behaviors, and budget constraints. Results show that adverse childhood experiences negatively affect older adults health indirectly through education or budget constraints. Further analysis shows that positive current experiences benefit older adults self-rated health and activities of daily living, while adverse current experiences have negative impacts on multiple dimensions of health. Adverse childhood experiences moderate the impact of adverse current experiences. In contrast to those without adverse childhood experiences, adverse current experiences have smaller negative effects on the self-rated health and chronic diseases of those who have experienced adverse childhood experiences.
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He is Healthier? The Effects of the Parity-employment Life Course Trajectory on the Health of Mid-aged and Older Adults in China
Zhao Menghan, Gao Weijie
Population Research 2023, 47 (
5
): 18-31.
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467
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China has recently implemented strategies of actively addressing population ageing and healthy China. In this context, understanding the health disparities among mid-aged and older adults from the life course perspective improves lifelong health service policies. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)and sequence analysis, this study constructs parity-employment trajectories. Seven trajectories are identified for both men and women, as well as a male-specific trajectory of remaining unmarried and childless while working, and a female-specific trajectory of giving birth to one child and leaving the workforce early. Among younger birth cohorts, more individuals have only one or two children, while fewer have three or more children. Moreover, a higher proportion of women leaving the workforce early is found among younger cohorts. Further analysis shows that an increase in the number of births has a negative effect on the health of mid-aged and older women while leaving the workforce early is detrimental to the health of both men and women.
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Impacts of Children's Gender and Living Arrangements on Chinese Older Adults Support from Friend Networks
Zhao Menghan, Yang Fan
Population Research 2021, 45 (
5
): 91-103.
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627
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248
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Using data from China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey conducted in 2016, this study examines the influence of children's gender and living arrangements on Chinese older adults' friend network support under the framework of gendered double embeddedness. The results show that having no son negatively affects older men's, but not older women's, friend network support. Comparing to living with a partner only, co-residing with partner and son(s) is positively associated with friend network support for older men. The impacts of living arrangements vary across urban/rural areas and different regions. This study contributes to the literature on the relationship between family structure, living arrangements, and older adults' social support, and helps us recognize the most socially isolated older adults who might need more support.
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Short Video APP Use and the Life of Mid-age and Older Adults:An Exploratory Study Based on a Social Survey
Jin Yongai, Liu Wenli, Zhao Menghan, Wang Donghui, Hu Wenbo
Population Research 2021, 45 (
3
): 31-45.
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1091
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China is experiencing rapid population ageing and witnesses a wide spread of information technology. The rise of novel internet technologies may increasingly influence older adults' daily life. Using data from a survey on midage and older adults' short video application use conducted in 2021, this study investigates the relationships between short video app usage and midage and older adults' social networks, commutation with family members and friends, social inclusion and mental health. Results show that the moderate use of short video app increases midage and older adults' communication with families and friends, expands their social networks, and promotes their social inclusion. We should also acknowledge that older people face many problems and risks in the digital era. Findings suggest that collective efforts should be made by government, corporations, local communities as well as families to mitigate agerelated digital divide.
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Husbands' Housework Share and Women's Hazards of Entering Parenthood
Zhao Menghan,Ji Yingchun
Population Research 2019, 43 (
1
): 64-77.
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406
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442
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Previous Chinese literature on women’s hazards of giving births focused on the impacts of policies or marital and childbearing histories. Under low fertility regime, gender and intergenerational relations rather than policy interventions exert more influence on Chinese women’s childbearing behaviors. Under the framework of New Home Economics and gender equity theory, and gender and development approach regarding fertility, this study discusses about how Chinese women’s economic activities and changes in gender relations might affect women’s hazards of entering parenthood. Capitalizing on data from a longitudinal survey, this article uses event history analysis to test how housework division and wives’ economic activities influence the hazards of giving first births. The results suggest that women earning higher income tend to have lower hazards of giving first births. Coresiding with women’s mothers-in-law increases the hazards of entering parenthood. Also, husbands’ greater involvement in housework is related to higher hazards of giving first births, and this relationship is stronger in households that can hardly get help from womens mothers-in-law.
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Parental Influence on Women’s Second-birth Plan in Urban China
Jin Yongai, Zhao Menghan and Song Jian
Population Research 2018, 42 (
5
): 17-29.
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410
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Using data from the 2016 fertility survey conducted in 12 cities of 6 provinces in mainland China,this study discusses the intergenerational effects on women’s plan for a second child in the era of universal two-child policy.We only focus on the main targeted group of this policy change——married women who are between age 20 and 44 and have only one child in urban China,contributing to the discussions regarding future fertility trend.Overall,the results suggest that parental childcare supports and fertility preferences significantly affect women’s birth plan.Specifically,the probability of having a second child plan is higher if parents can provide childcare assistance,prefer to have two or more grandchildren or have sex preference.Also,family income is positively associated with women’s plan to have a second child and moderates parental effects.The influence of parental sex preference on women’s second child plan is stronger in families with higher income.
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Gender Equity Should be Promoted by Public Policies under the Two-Child Policy#br#
Zhao Menghan
Population Research 2016, 40 (
6
): 38-48.
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641
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1291
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Under the two-child policy,Chinese families are suffering from increasing burden of child-rearing,most of which falls on women.In this study,we emphasize that the public policies should help achieve gender equity by comparing the impacts of different institutions and polices in developed countries on population change.Though a few policies on maternal leaves in China have gender perspective,they have limited effects on alleviating family members’family-work conflicts.We suggest that the gender equity should be promoted in various public policies,including those concerning labor force participation,education of young children,and Old-age support.
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An Estimation of Fertility Level in China, 2000~2010
Zhao Menghan
Population Research 2015, 39 (
5
): 49-58.
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1307
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Recent studeis on the fertility level in China are of controversy as various mehods and data sources have led to inconsistent results. This paper applies Preston and Coale’s (1982) variable-r method to assess the fertility level in China between 2000 and 2010. This method has been applied in various kinds of research and proved efficacious. By adopting relative age distribution data from China’s 2000 and 2010 censuses as well as fertility pattern from annual sampling surveys published by National Bureau of Statistics of China, the variable-r method under different scenarios of completeness of coverage suggests that Chinese fertility during 2000 and 2010 is around 1.60. This paper also emphasizes the imporantce of examing the underlying assumptions of this method before applying it in emprical research.
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An Exploration of Family Happiness Development Index
Tao Tao,Yang Fan,Zhang Huanjun,Zhao Menghan
Population Research 2014, 38 (
1
): 63-76.
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1480
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Utilizing data collected in the survey of China’s Family Happiness Development Index by Renmin University of China and China Population Welfare Foundation,this article explores the factors affecting the happiness of China’s families. There are four dimensions of the factors affecting family happiness:
income and housing estate are the most important factors in economic dimension; physical and mental health is the foundation of a happy family; higher education,better relationship and more leisure will increase the happiness level; better social security and social network will secure the family happiness. Differing from the existing Happiness Indexes which evaluate happiness from individual level or regional level,this article focuses on‘family’as the study object to construct the‘Family Happiness Index’to evaluate the capability of becoming happier instead of assessing the status of happiness. Based on the four dimensions,including economics,health,civilization and society,this index consists of 35 indicators with a combination of subjective and objective factors.
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China’s Fertility Level since 2000: A Reestimation
Yang Fan, Zhao Menghan
Population Research 2013, 37 (
2
): 54-65.
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2209
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1581
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China ’s recent fertility level is a long standing puzzle. Scholars have started to question the accuracy of official fertlity data and have heated discussions on the fertility rate since 1990 . Deficiencies in the 2000 census data made the fertility issue more complicated. As the data of the 20 10 census have been published ,it is of great importance to evaluate the latest data to estimate the fertility level since 2000 . This paper examines ,evaluates and compares the 2000 and 20 10 censuses data ,latest data from education and public security ,and reestimates China ’s fertility level since 2000 . Total fertility rates have stood at more than 1. 6 since 2000 in China.
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Age Misreporting in China’s Sixth Population Census
Jin Yongai; Zhao Menghan
Population Research 2013, 37 (
1
): 54-65.
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2638
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