关键词: 人口变化, 劳动力, 经济增长, 中国和印度

Abstract: Although China and India share many common characteristics in population and economic development，there are many demographic differences which are affecting economic development to both countries in different ways Applying data of population and economy over past twenty years，this paper conducts an empirical comparative study of population and economic development in the two countries Increase of labor force productivity is the major driving force of economic growth in China，while the increase of labor force productivity combined with the increase of working-age population are the main driving forces in India Moreover，falling labor force utilization has negative contribution to economic growth in both China and India Against the challenges of decreasing labor force size in the future，lowering non-full employment rate and improving labor force utilization could be efficient policy responses under the background of high non-full employment rate and urgent demands of updating industry structure.

Keywords: Population Dynamics, Labor, Economic Growth, China and India