关键词: 全面两孩政策, 人口长期均衡发展, 人口管理

Abstract: As expected，the universal two-child policy has brought about a surge in births in China， which is largely consistent with previous projections．While the number of women at childbearing age decreases，there is still a significant increase in births．To ensure the implementation of the universal two-child policy，a reform on the management of family planning service has been launched and a portfolio of systematic complementary policies has been gradually announced．For the long-term balanced population development in China，five essential topics need more attention from researchers． First，we should respect the laws of population development and keep the fertility rate at an appropriate level．Second，we should better understand the relationship between population and social development and implement social policies that facilitate a family-friendly environment．Third，we should further explore the interrelationship between population and economy．Fourth，we should investigate the relation- ship between migration and urbanization process，proposing innovative plans for population distribution．Finally，we should also be updated with the new trends of world population development，under- standing China's population development from a comparative perspective．China is now at a tipping point in the history of population development．The ground-breaking policies and reforms，such as the practice of family planning and reform-and-opening，provide great opportunities for all demographers to study and enrich population development theories．

Keywords: The Universal Two-Child Policy, Long-term Balanced Population Development, Population Administration