个人—环境匹配视角下城市老年人参与社区治理的影响因素——基于北京市的调查

人口研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 71-84.

个人—环境匹配视角下城市老年人参与社区治理的影响因素——基于北京市的调查

谢立黎¹, 陈民强²

谢立黎¹，中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心、老年学研究所；陈民强²，中国人民大学社会与人口学院。

出版日期:2020-05-29 发布日期:2020-06-12
作者简介:谢立黎，中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心、老年学研究所讲师；陈民强，中国人民大学社会与人口学院硕士研究生。
基金资助:
本文得到国家社会科学基金青年项目“积极老龄化背景下中国老年人社会参与模式研究”（18CRK010）、中国人民大学决策咨询及预研委托项目基地自设升级计划“基于个人—环境匹配理论下的北京市老年人参与社区治理影响因素研究”（20XNQ049）以及国家自然科学基金重大项目“特征、规律与前景——老龄社会的人口学基础研究”(71490731)的资助。

Influential Factors of Urban Elderly's Participation in Community Governance from the Perspective of Person-Environment Fit: Evidence from Beijing

Xie Lili¹, Chen Minqiang²

Xie Lili¹, Center for Population and Development Studies, Institute of Gerontology, Renmin University of China; Chen Minqiang², School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China.

Online:2020-05-29 Published:2020-06-12
About author:Xie Lili is Assistant Professor, Center for Population and Development Studies, Institute of Gerontology, Renmin University of China; Chen Minqiang is Master Student, School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人口老龄化背景下开展基层社区治理需要重视和发挥老年群体的主体作用。基于个人—环境匹配理论, 采用2019年北京市老龄社会治理现状调查数据探讨机构能力和个人偏好对北京城市老年人参与社区治理活动的影响。结果表明，67.36%的老年人具有参与社区治理活动的意愿，但其参与社区治理存在“高意愿、低参与”的状况。虽然社区组织供给能力差强人意，但与老年人需求仍存在一定差距。社区机构能力越强，老年人社区治理参与度越高，并且老年人对机构能力的偏好对两者关系存在调节效应。社区组织在有限资源约束下开展社区治理活动时，可优先根据老年人看重的机构能力提高能力建设，降低制度性障碍对老年人社区参与的制约。

关键词: 个人—环境匹配, 机构能力, 社区治理, 老年人社会参与

Abstract: Community governance needs to engage the elderly under the background of population ageing. Based on the theory of person-environment fit, this paper explores the influence of institutional capacity and personal preference on the participation of the elderly in community governance activities in Beijing by using data from 2019 Beijing Social Governance in Ageing Society Survey. The results show that 67.36% of the elderly have a willingness to participate in community governance activities while the actual participation rate is rather low. Institutional capacities of community organizations are barely satisfactory and gaps exist from the needs of the elderly. Better institutional capacities are significantly associated with higher participation of the elderly in community governance activities. In addition, the elderly's preference for the institutional capacity has a moderating effect on the aforementioned relationship. In order to reduce the constraints of institutional barriers on the participation of the elderly, priorities should be given to the abilities valued by the elderly when community organizations carry out community governance activities with limited resources.

Keywords: Person-Environment Fit, Institutional Capacity, Community Governance, Social Participation of the Elderly

谢立黎,陈民强. 个人—环境匹配视角下城市老年人参与社区治理的影响因素——基于北京市的调查[J]. 人口研究, 2020, 44(3): 71-84.

Xie Lili,Chen Minqiang. Influential Factors of Urban Elderly's Participation in Community Governance from the Perspective of Person-Environment Fit: Evidence from Beijing[J]. Population Research, 2020, 44(3): 71-84.