零工就业中的异质性工作经历与保留工资

人口研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 102-117.

零工就业中的异质性工作经历与保留工资

杨伟国¹,李晓曼²,吴清军³,罗祥艳⁴

杨伟国¹，中国人民大学劳动人事学院；李晓曼²（通讯作者），首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院；吴清军³，中国人民大学劳动人事学院；罗祥艳⁴，首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院。

出版日期:2021-03-29 发布日期:2021-04-08
作者简介:杨伟国，中国人民大学劳动人事学院教授；李晓曼（通讯作者），首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院副教授；吴清军，中国人民大学劳动人事学院教授；罗祥艳，首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院硕士研究生。
基金资助:
本文是中国人民大学科学研究基金（中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助）重大规划项目“数字技术革命与工作世界的未来”（17XNLG06）的阶段性成果。

Heterogeneous Work Experience and Reservation Wages in Gig Workers' Employment：Evidence from Carhailing Platform Drivers

Yang Weiguo¹,Li Xiaoman²,Wu Qingjun³,Luo Xiangyan⁴

Yang Weiguo¹, School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China; Li Xiaoman²（Corresponding Author）, School of Labor and Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business; Wu Qingjun³, School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China; Luo Xiangyan⁴, School of Labor and Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business.

Online:2021-03-29 Published:2021-04-08
About author:Yang Weiguo is Professor, School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China; Li Xiaoman（Corresponding Author）is Associate professor, School of Labor and Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business; Wu Qingjun is Professor, School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China; Luo Xiangyan is Master student, School of Labor and Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 借鉴经典保留工资理论，提出了平台就业者保留工资的概念，并利用网约车平台就业调查数据，实证检验了劳动者异质性工作经历的类型和质量对当期保留工资的影响及作用机制，以期明晰零工经济对参与者整体福利状态而非单纯对收入的影响。结果发现，由下岗失业状态转入平台的司机其保留工资最低；来自过剩产能行业和负面求职经历都显著降低零工的平台保留工资，其中，前者的效应更大；其次，零工在平台上的风险偏好和家庭支持程度是重要的影响机制，且零工从业类型（生存型和发展型）具有分化作用。最后，呈现了零工的劳动力供给与劳动者剩余现状，并在此基础上提出依托平台经济帮助劳动者转岗提质就业的政策建议。

关键词: 零工经济, 保留工资, 工作经历, 劳动力供给, 劳动者剩余

Abstract: Based on the classic reservation wage theory, this paper proposes the concept of reservation wage on platform and utilizes the carhailing platforms survey data to empirically investigate the impact and mechanism of heterogeneous work experience on reservation wages, and to examine the impact of the gig economy on the overall welfare rather than income of gig workers. The results reveal that the drivers who transferred from the laidoff and unemployed status have the lowest reservation wages. Coming from industries with excess capacity and having negative job search experience significantly reduce the reservation wages of the gig workers, and the former has a greater effect. Further, the risk attitude towards the platform and the degree of family support are important mechanisms, and the type of gig workers (survival or development) has a differentiating effect. Finally, the paper describes the gig workers' current status of labor supply and labor surplus. Based on this description, this paper discusses policy implications about helping gig workers transfer and improve employment quality.

Keywords: Gig Economy, Reservation Wages, Work Experience, Labor Supply, Labor Surplus

杨伟国, 李晓曼, 吴清军, 罗祥艳. 零工就业中的异质性工作经历与保留工资[J]. 人口研究, 2021, 45(2): 102-117.

Yang Weiguo, Li Xiaoman, Wu Qingjun, Luo Xiangyan. Heterogeneous Work Experience and Reservation Wages in Gig Workers' Employment：Evidence from Carhailing Platform Drivers[J]. Population Research, 2021, 45(2): 102-117.

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