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Population Research    1985, 9 (4): 59-59.   Abstract （61242）      PDF （243KB）（721）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Governance of Imbalanced Sex Ratio and the Reference to China of the Asian Countries or Regions Featured with Female Dearth Wei Yan, Li Shuzhuo, Yang Xueyan Population Research    2009, 33 (1): 91-103.   Abstract （29643）      PDF （294KB）（3264）       Knowledge map    Save Using special survey data of four Asian countries and regions (Korea, Taiwan, India and Pakistan) which are featured with female dearth and related research fruits, this article compares the trends, causes and consequences of the unbalanced sex ratio between the four countries and regions, and introduces the direct governance measures, the endeavors to cultural and institutional changes, and the campaigns and public governance of improving the girls’ living environment and the women’s social position. Finally the article summarizes their experiences and models, providing China with references and intervention strategies for the governance of the unbalanced sex ratio. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on the Unnatural Deaths and the Related Issues during the Difficult Three Year Period#br# Cheng Enfu,Zhan Zhihua Population Research    2017, 41 (2): 97-112.   Abstract （20750）      PDF （233KB）（2858）       Knowledge map    Save The opinion that 30 million is the number of unnatural deaths during the Chinese Difficult Three Year Period( 1959-1961) is worth deliberating. It can be estimated，with the average death toll from 1955 to 1957 as the normal standard and the missing report of deaths from 1953 to 1964 plus the subsequently modification combined，that there were approximately four to five million people who ex- perienced unnatural deaths during the Difficult Three Year Period. The distributions of unnatural deaths apparently differ largely in regional structure，age structure as well as gender structure. Even though the millions of unnatural deaths is a lesson to reflect upon，still，the efforts the Chinese government made against the famine as well as the achievements they reached should not be obliterated. In addition， there were a series of complicated causes that led to the large number of unnatural deaths，and it is difficult to find out the proper answer only based upon the simple cause ＆effect relationship. Therefore， the discussion of this issue should be done by carrying out specific analyses in specific problems. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Factors Affecting Living Arrangement of the Chinese Elderly Women Guo Zhigang Population Research    1996, 20 (5): 45-53.   Abstract （19819）      PDF （1160KB）（1011）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5)

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Sex Preference and Fertility Behaviors of Chinese Women Population Research    2002, 26 (2): 14-22.   Abstract （10052）      PDF （1905KB）（1964）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Demographic Consequences of an Immediate Transition to a Universal Two-child Policy Zhai Zhenwu, Zhang Xianling, Jin Yongai Population Research    2014, 38 (2): 3-17.   Abstract （7977）      PDF （723KB）（11597）       Knowledge map    Save Fertility in China dropped below the replacement level in the early 1990s, and has been increasingly lower, arousing intense academic discussion on fertility policy adjustment．This paper estimates the size of objective population that is targeted by the two-child policy after computing the amount of the only children in 2012 based on the data of the 2005 national 1% population sampling survey, and analyzes its impact on number of annual births．The results show that on account of the large number of the objective population covered by the two-child policy and women's strong desire to have the second child，if there was an immediate transition to a universal two-child policy, number of annual births would sharply increase with the peak value up to nearly 50 million and a total fertility rate of about 4.5．However, immediately implementing the two-child policy could significantly retard the negative growth trend of population in the future, increase labor supply and slow down population aging in China． Related Articles | Metrics

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Interethnic Marriage among Mongolian, Manchu, and Han in China Cheng Mengyao Population Research    2022, 46 (2): 48-60.   Abstract （7813）      PDF （11238KB）（237）       Knowledge map    Save Although the interethnic marriage among Mongolians, Manchus and Hans has been repeatedly relaxed and restricted in Chinas history, the contact and communication among them have never stopped. This study found that the interethnic marriage among Mongolian and Manchu people is prevalent that the proportion of interethnic marriage stands over 40% for both of them. The intermarriage between the MongolianHan and the ManchuHan was the mainstream. The highly politicized “ManchuMongolian marriage”, which lasted for about three centuries in history, has been replaced by free communication among ethnic groups. The proportion of Mongolian women who are interethnic married surpassed its counterpart of Mongolian men. In terms of spatial distribution, the three ethnic groups formed a distinct and extensive northeastsouthwest intermarriage chain based on the Liaoxi Corridor. During migration, interethnic marriages mainly occur between local men and migrant minority women. Economic interaction, settlement pattern and migration promote exchanges and interactions among different ethnic groups. Related Articles | Metrics

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An Assessment of Abnormal Deaths during the Great Leap Forward Using a Modified Lee-Carter Model Mi Hong, Jia Ning Population Research    2016, 40 (1): 22-37.   Abstract （7701）      PDF （825KB）（3569）       Knowledge map    Save There is a lack of official report by the Chinese government regarding the exact number of abnormal deaths during the Great Leap Forward．Using a modified Lee-Carter mortality prediction model，this study conducts reverse prediction based on China’s official age-specific mortality data to recon- struct and calculate the single-year-age mortality rate and the normal deaths assuming that there was no great famine．Then we estimate the abnormal deaths during the Great Leap Forward occurring between 1958 and 1961．If there had been no famine，there would have been 43. 39 to 43. 85 million normal deaths．With famine，abnormal deaths are estimated to be between 16. 24 and 23. 37 million． Our results suggest that the medium estimation of the abnormal deaths during the Great Leap Forward stands at no more than 19. 8 million． Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1)

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Population Research    1998, 22 (6): 31-40.   Abstract （7068）      PDF （3070KB）（2501）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of and Relationship between Sexual Behavior, Sexual Attitude and Sexual Knowledge in College Students Peng Yuhua, Shen Li, Wo Jianzhong, Xiang Yanhui, Li Erxia, Zou Gaoxiang, Liu Yang Population Research    2009, 33 (6): 85-93.   Abstract （6592）      PDF （158KB）（1959）       Knowledge map    Save In investigating sexual behavior,sexual attitudes and sexual knowledge among college students,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1151 college students in Beijing.Results show that(1) Self-constructed or recomposed Questionnaire on sexual behavior,sexual attitudes and sexual knowledge had good reliability and validity;(2)13.7%of the college students had experienced sexual intercourse,and the difference is not significant among grades but significant between sexes.Significant difference in sexual attitudes and sexual knowledge is found among grades and between sexes;(3) Sexual behavior,sexual attitudes and sexual knowledge are positively correlated.Sexual and contraceptive knowledge and sexual attitudes could predict sexual behavior. Related Articles | Metrics

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Sexuality, Sexual Network and Risks of HIV Infection Among Money Boys(MB) in Northeast China Fu Xiaoxing, Lei Zhang, Eric P.F.Chow, Ma Tiecheng Population Research    2012, 36 (4): 91-102.   Abstract （6432）      PDF （153KB）（2503）       Knowledge map    Save Money boys have become one of the emerging populations in the underground sex industry in China in recent years.Due to the rapid spread of HIV infection among Chinese MBs,MB is now one of the targeted populations in the HIV/AIDS intervention and prevention programs.This qualitative study employed participant observation,in-depth interview and focus-group methods to investigate the sexual networks among MBs and the operation mechanism of the sex industry in Northeast China.HIV intervention programs targeted different venues,services and self-identity among MBs should be implemented. Related Articles | Metrics

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Population Research    2006, 30 (4): 93-95.   Abstract （6405）      PDF （244KB）（8706）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Population Research    1982, 6 (1): 15-16.   Abstract （5936）      PDF （1790KB）（3392）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Population Research    1982, 6 (6): 44-47.   Abstract （5708）      PDF （2475KB）（1010）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Population Research    2011, 35 (2): 43-59.   Abstract （5577）      PDF （1125KB）（5307）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Population Research    1994, 18 (1): 57-62.   Abstract （5503）      PDF （2395KB）（1789）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Sex Ratio at Birth in China: Changes and Implications Shi Yaming,LiuShuang Population Research    2015, 39 (4): 35-.   Abstract （5133）            Knowledge map    Save This paper uses the data from the Sixth Population Census at national, provincial, prefecture and capital city levels to investigate China’s high SRB, the polarization of which is now spreading, and to discuss the latest changes of SRB in recent years. In regard to the abnormal SRB among first births, the paper analyzes the converging trend between urban and rural areas, among different regions, and from the perspective of women with different educational levels and different cohorts. It postulates that sex preference of fertility behavior at the first birth indicates that China's fertility transition has begun to enter a new historical stage and the pattern of fertility is largely motivated by social factors other than the policy ones. This paper further analyzes the distribution of gender composition for surviving children of women between 15-64 years old. The results show that the distribution is significantly and increasingly deviated from the normal one. Sex selection of fertility behavior increases the possibility of giving birth to a boy for couples over 1990 to 2010. China’s “son preference” becomes increasingly strong. Related Articles | Metrics

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Population Research    1982, 6 (4): 44-44.   Abstract （4826）      PDF （918KB）（787）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Major Challenges for China’s Floating Population and Policy Suggestions:An Analysis of the 2010 Population Census Data Duan Chengrong, Lv Lidan, Zou Xiangjiang Population Research    2013, 37 (2): 17-24.   Abstract （4769）      PDF （441KB）（4559）       Knowledge map    Save This study  analyzes the trends and current  characteristics of floating population  in  China  and the major  challenges they  are facing ，on the basis of  the  latest  population  census  data． The  research  shows that the  size of floating population has increased continuously  and rapidly ，their mobility  intensity  is weakening ，migration  destinations  are  beginning  to  decentralize ，majority  of  the  migrants  are  moving  with  their spouses and more and more of  them are taking their young children with them ，the new － generation floaters whom were born  after  1980  account for  more than half  of  the  entire floating population． The floaters are fa- cing challenges such as unemployment ，lack of social security ，inequality in children ’s education ，and bar- riers in  social  integration． This article proposes corresponding  suggestions． The problem of  new － generation floaters and floating children  should be addressed adequately ，and there  is an  urgent  need to  accelerate the establishment  of  social  security for migrants．  Related Articles | Metrics

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Life Expectancy Growth，Age Structure Change and China' s National Saving Rate Fan Xuchun, Zhu Baohua Population Research    2012, 36 (4): 18-28.   Abstract （4520）      PDF （834KB）（2921）       Knowledge map    Save Two of the population trends in China are population aging and increasing life expectancy.There are differing patterns of income,consumption and savings across different age periods.Using inter-provincial balance panel data,this paper analyzes the influence on the savings rate by the life expectancy growth and age structure changes basing on the theory of life cycle.Theory analysis shows that Life expectancy growth improves the steady-state savings,and age structure change affects individual saving behavior.The empirical analysis revealed that the increase of child population rates reduces national saving rate and the increase of old population rates improves national saving rate when the time effect is not controlled,while the increase of child population rates improves national saving rate and the increase of old population rates reduces national saving rate when the time effect is considered.The paper provideds a reasonable explanation to this conclusion.Testing using a variety of estimation methods and a range of combinations of related variable,we find that the conclusions obtained in this paper are robust. Related Articles | Metrics

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Population Aging,Population Growth and Economic Growth: Evidence from China′s Provincial Panel Data Hu Angang,Liu Shenglong,Ma Zhenguo Population Research    2012, 36 (3): 14-26.   Abstract （4364）      PDF （173KB）（4094）       Knowledge map    Save Using the Solow growth theory and a modified Cobb-Douglas production function which contains human capital,this paper analyzes the impact of population aging and population growth on economic growth.Theoretical analysis shows that both population aging and population growth have negative influence on economic growth.Empirical models on the basis of theoretical analysis are constructed and China′s provincial panel data from 1990-2008 for empirical test are collected.Model results correspond to the results of theoretical analysis.The research also shows that:(1) initial GDP per capita has negative effect on economic growth,indicating conditional convergence in China′s regional economic growth;(2) human capital investment,saving rate and labor force participation rate all have positive influence on economic growth. Related Articles | Metrics

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China′s Urbanization Strategy Research Group of China Population and Development Research Center,Gui Jiangfeng,Ma Li,Jiang Weiping,Wang Qinchi,Zhang Xuyin,Chen Jiapeng,Wang Junping Population Research    2012, 36 (3): 3-13.   Abstract （4340）      PDF （508KB）（2037）       Knowledge map    Save This research develops specific goals,paths and strategies of urbanization in China upon analyzing the Chinese characteristics and future trends of urbanization.Urbanization will become basic national conditions of China′s future social development,which will have significant impacts on the sources and driving forces of future prosperity and development.However,current challenges in China’s urbanization are that population urbanization lags behind industrialization and land urbanization,and urbanization of the household registered population lags behind urbanization of the resident population.China′s urbanization development will be shifted from a pure speed approach to an approach combining speed with quality during the "Twelfth Five-Year plan" period,and the economic reform will enter into a new stage characterized by promoting in-depth urbanization and urban-rural integration.An urbanization model with Chinese characteristics would be developed by taking urbanization as the leading force in deepening the reform,directing at household registration system reform and employment promotion,enhancing urbanization quality,and promoting equalization of rural and urban public services. Related Articles | Metrics

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Population Research    2005, 29 (6): 92-95.   Abstract （4313）      PDF （77KB）（12266）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Factors Affecting Population Distribution in Mountainous Areas: Geographically Weighted Regression Using Data from Bijie Zhang Yaojun, Ren Zhengwei Population Research    2012, 36 (4): 53-63.   Abstract （4271）      PDF （1032KB）（4210）       Knowledge map    Save This is a case study in which data are collected from Bijie in Guizhou Province and geographically weighted regression is performed,with comparison with OLS,to explore the influence of economic,social and natural factors on population density.Results demonstrate that economic and social factors have larger impact on population distribution than natural factors.Altitude does not influence population distribution significantly while slope does.There is negative correlation between population distribution and economic strength,urbanization level,transportation and terrain conditions.Medical conditions have positive influence on population distribution.Therefore in the future Bijie should enhance city and town construction,strengthen the ecological immigration and protect natural resource and environments to optimize population distribution. Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(20)

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Dynamic Trend of China's Population Ageing and New Characteristics of the Elderly Yang Hanmo Population Research    2022, 46 (5): 104-116.   Abstract （4200）      PDF （1246KB）（2927）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the 7th National Population Census conducted in 2020 and previous censuses,this study analyzes the current situation and the dynamic trend of China's population ageing. This study first describes the health status, sources of livelihood, living arrangement, and marital status of the older population in general, and summarizes the characteristics of China's population ageing: The speed and depth of China's ageing process have been further strengthened, and the proportion of the elderly population in rural areas becomes higher. From 2010 to 2020, the self-assessed health status of the older people has improved, yet the gap between urban and rural areas is still significant; the proportion of widowed persons among the older people has declined, and the relative proportion of widowed persons is higher in rural areas and among women than their counterparts; the elderly security system is further improved, and the older people are more economically independent with less economic pressure; the phenomenon of “empty nest” is common among rural older people; and those who are unhealthy or living alone are more likely to rely on assistance from the government. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Generalized Linear Model in the Graduation of Life Table Mortality Rates Zhang Lianzeng;Duan Baige Population Research    2012, 36 (3): 89-103.   Abstract （4053）      PDF （746KB）（4188）       Knowledge map    Save Attempt has been made in this research to apply generalized linear models in graduating China′s life table mortality rates.Using demographic data of deaths by age and gender from China Population Statistical Yearbooks 1995-2006 and Statistical Yearbooks of China′s Population and Employment 2007-2010,the relationships between mortality and age and between mortality and year are explored by fitting death rates at ages from 0 to 89 using Poisson regression and negative binomial regression.Upon comparison of the fitting effects of the two models,the paper proposes to use B-spline function to smooth the death rates.Implications of this study are discussed for constructing China′s empirical life tables,providing theoretical foundation and practical reference for mortality analysis by China Insurance Regulatory Commission,and achieving market-oriented rates of life insurance and scientific management of the life insurance industry in China. Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(4)

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Sixty-years of Population of New China Yuan Xin, Wu Cangping, Li Jianmin, Wang Guixin, Gui Shixun Population Research    2009, 33 (5): 42-67.   Abstract （3897）      PDF （862KB）（3581）       Knowledge map    Save 1st October 2009 is the 60th anniversary of the People’s Republic of China.Over the last 60 years,particularly since the reform and opening up,China has completed the historical transition of population reproduction,becoming demographically a developed country.In order to celebrate the achievements of China’s population and demography,this issue of Population and Development Forum has invited some distinguished Chinese demographers to summarize and discuss the major changes and progress that have been made in population and demography in China over the 60 years.Professor Wu Cangping examines the irreplaceable position of demography as a discipline in China.Professor Li Jianmin highlights the unique pattern of China’s demographic transition in the context of changing population policy.Professor Wang Guixin looks at changing patterns of migration in China in the context of socio-economic changes in China.Professor Gui Shixun explores China’s old-age security system in the context of rapid aging in China.Finally Professor Yuan Xin calls for both theoretical and empirical researches on the unprecedented demographic challenges in China now and future. Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(25)

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Population Research    2002, 26 (4): 40-53.   Abstract （3836）      PDF （257KB）（1462）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement and Theoretical Perspectives of Immigrant Assimilation in China Zhou Hao Population Research    2012, 36 (3): 27-37.   Abstract （3826）      PDF （375KB）（4126）       Knowledge map    Save After summarizing the theories and measurement indices of assimilation,this paper examines and re-constructs the measurement framework of assimilation at individual level,followed by discussing some theoretical questions of assimilation in present China.Assimilation could be one point on the line connecting adaptation,segmented assimilation and assimilation.Measurement indices framework of immigrant assimilation in destination should be simplified with high validity,corresponding to the theories.Assimilation can be divided into five dimensions: economic,cultural,social,structural and identity.Future research should be directed at the final direction of the assimilation of migrants,and the causal chain centered on the assimilation(the status and the causes and consequences of assimilations),and longitudinal or panel survey studies should be enhanced to understand the situation and development trajectory of assimilation of migrants in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Population Control in Megacities Liu feng, Huang Runlong, Ding Jinhong, Duan Chengrong Population Research    2011, 35 (1): 29-43.   Abstract （3773）      PDF （226KB）（2330）       Knowledge map    Save China has been urbanizing and big cities have been growing rapidly.Number of megacities in China increased from 34 in 1997 to 63 in 2007.There are substantial disputes over China’s urbanization strategy to prioritize big cities or medium and small-sized cities.Development of big cities faces challenges in transportation,housing,environment and resources and public services,and population control becomes increasingly important in big cities.This issue of Population and Development Forum is specifically devoted to population control in China’s megacities,for which three population experts were invited to share their views and suggestions.Professor Huang Ronglong,from Nanjing Normal University,argues that the major cause of China’s urban disease is not overpopulation but ill management of the cities.However,Professor Ding Jinhong,from East China Normal University,has a different view and asserts that a permanent cure to urban disease is population control.Talking on population control in Beijing,Professor Duan Chengrong,from People’s University of China,suggests the population control strategy be changed from a local to a national perspective.Three experts also provide policy suggestions in population control,city planning and management,industrial upgrading,mechanisms in evaluating demographic effect of social and economic programs,etc.Professor Liu Feng,from Development Research Center of the State Council,chairs the Forum and provides comments to the three papers and his own opinions as well. Related Articles | Metrics

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Population Research    2006, 30 (2): 84-88.   Abstract （3759）      PDF （312KB）（8031）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Population Research    2006, 30 (4): 70-76.   Abstract （3749）      PDF （1241KB）（4209）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Family Policies in Western Countries and Their Implications for China Sheng Yinan, Yang Wenzhang Population Research    2012, 36 (4): 45-52.   Abstract （3737）      PDF （122KB）（3965）       Knowledge map    Save In achieving universal welfare,early family policies in the Western countries were to reduce family poverty,and to enhance the welfare of their citizens.The Western countries completed the demographic transition in the 1960s to 1970s and family patterns changed dramatically.In order to accomplish their population and development strategy,family policies which oriented to universal welfare covering all citizens gradually changed into ensuring family welfare as well as encouraging population growth.The main policy instruments of the family policies in Western countries include family allowance and family tax reduction,maternity leave,child-raising allowance and job protection,child care facilities and education policy.Learning from policy experiences in Western countries and addressing the requirements of family development capability construction in China′s twelfth five-year plan period,this paper proposes a basic policy approach,that is ’ Ensure the basic needs,extend the coverage to all families,and integrate welfare into population regulation. Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(8)

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Rate of Ageing of the Chinese Oldest －old and Its Determinants Huang Kuangshi; Lu Jiehua; Kirk Scott Population Research    2012, 36 (4): 64-77.   Abstract （3730）      PDF （1141KB）（1990）       Knowledge map    Save Based on estimating the rate of ageing by calculating the change of frailty index of the Chinese oldest-old over time,this study concludes that the density distribution of rate of ageing looks like a cone with high proportion of samples converging the mean rate of ageing while the mean rates of ageing for the elderly at different ages are nearly the same,almost 2%-2.5% per year.The regression results show that all of the regression models of both early and present variables can explain at most 16% of the change of individual rate of ageing,which indirectly means that both the early experience and present status are not the main determinants of individual rate of ageing.Moreover,doing regular exercise both in early life and in present life,the adequacy of medical service if seriously ill and sufficiency of financial support for daily costs are helpful for the elderly to slow the rate of ageing,while most postulated determinants of rate of ageing are not tested statistically significantly in this study,including the birth place,current residcence,marriage times,availability of medical service both at around age 60 and in childhood,and experience of hunger in childhood. Related Articles | Metrics

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Population Research    2009, 33 (1): 30-45.   Abstract （3729）      PDF （254KB）（2395）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Demographic Impact on Income Inequality: Evidence from Shenzhen and Chongqing Zhang Zongyi, Du Peng, Wang Feng Population Research    2012, 36 (4): 78-90.   Abstract （3563）      PDF （206KB）（2803）       Knowledge map    Save Drawing upon data from a sample survey of urban residents conducted in July 2005 in Shenzhen and Chongqing,this paper examines and compares income distribution structure in the two cities.The technique of inequality decomposition by population subgroups has been used to study the effects of the Population Characteristics on income inequality.There is a much higher income inequality index in Shenzhen than in Chonqing,but personal identity characteristics,such as household registration and nationality,have less influence in Shenzhen than in Chongqing.The population′s industry and education compositions are the most important influencing factor of income distribution.Since employment industry and education level are closely related,improving financial input in education and balancing education resource distribution have important implications for preventing economic risk from income inequality in China. Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3)

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Underreporting and Overreporting in China’s Sixth National Population Census Tao Tao; Zhang Xianling Population Research    2013, 37 (1): 42-53.   Abstract （3516）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Difference between Fertility Intention and Fertility Behavior for Women Subject to the Two-children Policy:An Empirical Study Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior Mao Zhuoyan; Luo Hao Population Research    2013, 37 (1): 84-93.   Abstract （3508）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of the Abnormal Sex Ratio at Birth in China Wang Yan, Huang Mei Population Research    2004, 28 (6): 27-33.   Abstract （3468）      PDF （142KB）（1419）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Peng Zhiliang Population Research    2009, 33 (5): 111-112.   Abstract （3423）      PDF （561KB）（2294）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics